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Wills, Trusts & Estates — Estate Planning

Common Misconceptions About Wills and Trusts

Dangerous myths about wills and trusts lead thousands of families to delay estate planning — or to believe they are protected when they are not. We debunk the twelve most common misconceptions and explain what the law in England and Wales actually says.

~60%

Adults without a will

of UK adults have no will in place

£322,000

Intestacy threshold

before children share the estate

On marriage

Will revocation

your existing will is automatically revoked

Every 3–5 yrs

Review frequency

or after any major life event

Why misconceptions about wills and trusts matter

Misconceptions about estate planning are not merely academic. They cause real families to delay making wills, to believe they are protected when they are not, and to make decisions based on assumptions that have no basis in English law. The twelve myths below are the ones our solicitors encounter most frequently — and the ones most likely to leave your family in a difficult position.

The Most Dangerous Myths

These misconceptions are the ones most likely to leave your family unprotected. They are widely believed and frequently acted upon — often with serious consequences.

Myth

My spouse automatically inherits everything when I die

The truth

This is the most dangerous misconception in estate planning. In England and Wales, if you die without a will (intestate), the intestacy rules apply — and they do not simply hand everything to your spouse. If your estate exceeds £322,000, your children are entitled to half of the excess. If you have children from a previous relationship, the rules become even more complex. Even with a will, assets held in your sole name must go through probate before your spouse can access them.

Myth

I don't need a will — I'm married

The truth

Marriage does not create an automatic right to inherit your entire estate. The intestacy rules give your spouse priority, but only up to a point. More critically, marriage automatically revokes any existing will you made before the marriage — meaning if you made a will before your wedding and have not updated it, you are now effectively intestate. Cohabiting partners have no automatic inheritance rights at all under English law, regardless of how long they have lived together.

Myth

A trust immediately protects my assets from care fees

The truth

This is a dangerous half-truth. Placing assets into a trust does not automatically protect them from local authority care fee assessments. If the primary purpose of the transfer was to avoid care fees — known as deliberate deprivation of assets — the local authority can treat the assets as if you still own them. Trusts can form part of a legitimate long-term care planning strategy, but they must be set up for genuine estate planning reasons, not purely as a last-minute care fee avoidance measure.

Myth

I can name guardians for my children in any document

The truth

A will is the only legally recognised document in England and Wales for appointing a guardian for minor children. If you die without a will — or if your will does not name a guardian — the court will decide who raises your children. This decision may not align with your wishes. Naming a guardian in your will, and discussing this with the person you have chosen, is one of the most important reasons for any parent to make a will.

Myth

Pensions and life insurance are covered by my will

The truth

Pension funds and life insurance policies written in trust pass outside your estate and are not governed by your will. Your pension is directed by the Expression of Wish form you complete with your pension provider — the trustees have discretion, but they will almost always follow it. Life insurance written in trust passes directly to the named beneficiaries. If you have not updated these nominations after a divorce, remarriage, or the birth of a child, the money could go to the wrong person — regardless of what your will says.

Myth

Dying without a will is fine — the government sorts it out

The truth

Dying intestate (without a will) does not mean the government 'sorts it out' in a helpful way. The intestacy rules are rigid, inflexible, and may produce outcomes you would never have chosen. Unmarried partners receive nothing. Stepchildren receive nothing. Estranged relatives may inherit. The process is also slower and more expensive than administering an estate with a valid will. In the most extreme cases — where no relatives can be found — the estate passes to the Crown (bona vacantia).

Further Common Misconceptions

These myths are equally widespread but often less immediately harmful — until they are acted upon.

Myth

A will avoids probate

The truth

A will does not avoid probate — it directs the probate process. Probate is the legal process of administering a deceased person's estate, and it is required whether or not there is a will (in most cases). What a will does is give the court clear instructions to follow. Without a will, the court must apply the intestacy rules, which may not reflect your wishes. If avoiding probate is your goal, a trust — not a will — is the appropriate tool.

Myth

Trusts are only for the wealthy

The truth

This is one of the most persistent myths in estate planning. There is no legal minimum asset value required to create a trust. Trusts are used by middle-income families every day to protect the family home from care fees, to ensure a surviving spouse can remain in the property while preserving children's inheritance, and to manage assets for vulnerable beneficiaries. A property trust will — one of the most common trust arrangements — is relevant to anyone who owns a home.

Myth

I can just write my own will

The truth

While a handwritten (holographic) will can be valid in some circumstances, DIY wills are one of the most common sources of estate disputes. Common errors include improper witnessing (a beneficiary or their spouse cannot witness the will), ambiguous wording, failure to account for all assets, and not updating the will after major life events. A poorly drafted will can cost your family far more in legal fees to resolve than the cost of having it professionally prepared in the first place.

Myth

My will covers all my assets

The truth

Your will does not cover all your assets. Assets that pass outside your will include: jointly owned property held as joint tenants (which passes by survivorship), pension funds (which are directed by your Expression of Wish form, not your will), life insurance policies written in trust, and assets held in a trust. Understanding which assets fall inside and outside your estate is a critical part of estate planning — and many people are surprised to discover that their largest assets (pension, jointly owned home) are not covered by their will at all.

Myth

Wills cannot be contested

The truth

Wills can be — and frequently are — contested in court. Grounds for contesting a will include: lack of testamentary capacity (the person did not have mental capacity when they signed), undue influence (someone pressured them), fraud or forgery, and failure to make reasonable financial provision for a dependent under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975. A professionally drafted will with proper capacity assessments and witnessing is far more difficult to challenge than a DIY document.

Myth

Once made, a will lasts forever without changes

The truth

A will should be reviewed every three to five years and after every major life event. Events that should trigger an immediate review include: marriage (which revokes an existing will), divorce (which revokes gifts to an ex-spouse but does not revoke the will itself), the birth of a child or grandchild, the death of a named executor or beneficiary, significant changes in your assets, and changes in tax law. An out-of-date will can be almost as problematic as no will at all.

What a Properly Structured Estate Plan Actually Does

Understanding what estate planning can and cannot do is the foundation of protecting your family. A well-structured plan typically involves several complementary documents working together.

A professionally drafted will

Directs the distribution of your estate, appoints executors, names guardians for minor children, and creates any trusts you wish to establish. It does not cover pensions, jointly owned property held as joint tenants, or assets already held in trust.

A trust (where appropriate)

Can hold assets outside your estate, bypass probate, protect the family home from care fees or remarriage, and manage assets for vulnerable or minor beneficiaries. A property trust will is the most common arrangement for homeowners.

Updated pension nominations

Your Expression of Wish form with each pension provider directs where your pension goes. This must be kept up to date — particularly after divorce, remarriage, or the birth of a child. Your will has no power over your pension.

Life insurance written in trust

Life insurance written in trust passes directly to named beneficiaries outside your estate, avoiding probate and inheritance tax. If your policy is not written in trust, the payout forms part of your estate and may be subject to IHT.

Lasting Power of Attorney

Appoints trusted people to manage your finances and make healthcare decisions if you lose mental capacity. Without an LPA, your family may need to apply to the Court of Protection — a slow and expensive process — to manage your affairs.

What Your Will Covers — and What It Does Not

One of the most common misconceptions is that a will covers all your assets. It does not. Understanding which assets fall inside and outside your estate is essential.

Covered by your will

  • Property held in your sole name
  • Property held as tenants in common (your share)
  • Bank and savings accounts in your sole name
  • Investments and shares in your sole name
  • Personal possessions and vehicles
  • Business interests (subject to structure)
  • Debts owed to you

NOT covered by your will

  • Jointly owned property held as joint tenants
  • Private pension funds (directed by Expression of Wish)
  • Life insurance written in trust
  • Assets already held in a trust
  • Joint bank accounts (pass by survivorship)
  • Death-in-service benefits
  • State Pension (ongoing benefit, not a fund)

Ready to Put the Myths to Rest?

Our Wills, Trusts & Estates team can review your current arrangements, identify any gaps, and ensure your estate plan reflects your actual wishes — not the assumptions that leave families unprotected.

Common Questions About Wills and Trusts

Does my spouse automatically inherit my estate if I die without a will?

Not necessarily. Under the intestacy rules in England and Wales, if your estate exceeds £322,000 and you have children, your spouse receives the first £322,000 plus half of the remainder. Your children receive the other half. If your estate is below £322,000, your spouse inherits everything. However, this does not account for assets held jointly, pensions, or life insurance — and it may not reflect your wishes at all. Making a will is the only way to ensure your estate is distributed as you intend.

Does a will avoid probate in England and Wales?

No. A will directs the probate process but does not avoid it. Probate is required to administer most estates, whether or not there is a will. The difference is that a will gives the court clear instructions, whereas without a will the court must apply the intestacy rules. If avoiding probate is your goal, placing assets into a trust during your lifetime is the appropriate strategy — assets held in trust bypass probate entirely.

Can a trust really protect my home from care fees?

A trust can form part of a legitimate care planning strategy, but it is not a guaranteed shield against care fee assessments. If a local authority believes that assets were transferred into a trust primarily to avoid care fees — known as deliberate deprivation of assets — they can treat those assets as if you still own them. Trusts set up for genuine estate planning reasons (protecting a surviving spouse's right to remain in the home, preserving children's inheritance) are on much stronger ground. Always take specialist legal advice before using a trust for care planning.

What happens to my pension when I die — does my will cover it?

Your will does not cover your pension. Private pensions in the UK are held in trust by the pension scheme trustees and sit outside your legal estate. They are directed by the Expression of Wish form you complete with your pension provider. The trustees have discretion but will almost always follow your nomination. This means that if you have not updated your Expression of Wish form after a divorce or remarriage, your pension could pass to the wrong person — regardless of what your will says.

Can I write my own will without a solicitor?

A DIY will can be legally valid, but it carries significant risks. Common errors include improper witnessing (a beneficiary or their spouse cannot witness the will), ambiguous wording that creates disputes, failure to account for all assets, and not updating the will after major life events. The cost of resolving a disputed or poorly drafted will can far exceed the cost of having it professionally prepared. For straightforward estates, a professionally drafted will is a modest investment. For complex estates, it is essential.

Does getting married affect my existing will?

Yes — marriage automatically revokes any will you made before the marriage in England and Wales. This means that if you made a will before your wedding and have not made a new one since, you are now effectively intestate. The only exception is a will that was made in contemplation of a specific marriage (a 'pre-marriage will'). If you are planning to marry, updating your will should be on your pre-wedding checklist.

Are trusts only for wealthy families?

No. Trusts are used by families at all income levels for a wide range of purposes. A property trust will — one of the most common arrangements — is relevant to any couple who owns a home and wants to protect it from care fees or ensure it passes to their children rather than a future spouse. Trusts for disabled or vulnerable beneficiaries, trusts for minor children, and life interest trusts for surviving spouses are all widely used by middle-income families.

Can a will be contested after someone dies?

Yes. Wills can be contested on several grounds: lack of testamentary capacity (the person lacked mental capacity when they signed), undue influence (someone pressured them into making or changing the will), fraud or forgery, and failure to make reasonable financial provision for a dependent under the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975. A professionally drafted will with proper capacity assessments and witnessing is significantly harder to challenge than a DIY document.

What is the only legal way to appoint a guardian for my children?

A will is the only legally recognised document in England and Wales for appointing a guardian for minor children. If you die without naming a guardian in your will, the court will decide who raises your children. This is one of the most compelling reasons for any parent — regardless of the size of their estate — to make a will.

How often should I update my will?

You should review your will every three to five years and after every major life event. Events that should trigger an immediate review include: marriage (which revokes an existing will), divorce, the birth of a child or grandchild, the death of a named executor or beneficiary, significant changes in your assets, and changes in tax law. An out-of-date will can create as many problems as no will at all.

What happens if I die without a will and have no relatives?

If you die intestate and no relatives can be found under the intestacy rules, your estate passes to the Crown — a process known as bona vacantia. The Treasury Solicitor administers the estate on behalf of the Crown. This outcome can be avoided entirely by making a will and naming the people or organisations you want to benefit from your estate.